带深沟拉手位冰箱抽屉转动式侧抽芯机构热流道模具设计

介绍了一种外侧带深沟拉手位、内侧带深扣位冰箱抽屉热流道注塑模具,通过对外侧带深沟位采用转动式滑块头抽芯、整体侧面气缸抽芯的方式,实现了产品外侧面的脱模;通过对内侧深扣位采用整体式内抽芯斜顶头,实现了产品内侧面的脱模,成功地应用于生产实践。     

滑石粉原位聚合改性聚酯热熔胶的结晶性能

采用差示扫描量热仪研究了滑石粉原位聚合对聚酯热熔胶非等温结晶性能的影响,并用Takhor方程和莫志深非等温结晶动力学新方程处理所得数据。结果表明:滑石粉原位聚合显著促进了聚酯热熔胶的结晶,提高了结晶速率,表现在结晶温度和结晶活化能大幅提高,当降温速率分别为5,10℃/min时,半结晶时间缩短50%以上。动力学分析表明:莫志深方程适合描述聚酯热熔胶的非等温结晶过程,在达到相同相对结晶度时,加入滑石粉的聚酯热熔胶所需降温速率更小,缩短了热熔胶涂覆后的冷却固化时间。     

带多台侧反应器的间歇反应精馏生产氯化苄非稳态模拟与过程设计

建立了带多台侧反应器的间歇反应精馏过程,采用Aspen Plus模拟软件构建该过程的非稳态模拟方法。以甲苯氯化生产氯化苄为对象,研究了侧反应器台数、侧线采出率和采出位置、氯气分配、反应精馏时间及再沸器蒸发量等设计参数对间歇反应精馏过程的影响规律。模拟结果表明反应能力和分离达到最佳匹配的最优设计参数为:精馏塔塔板数8块、侧反应器2台、氯气分配7:3、从第3块塔板侧线采出、采出率85%、再沸器蒸发量25 kmol?h?1。在此结构参数和操作条件下完成50 kmol甲苯氯化所需时间为9 h,甲苯的转化率和氯化苄的选择性均可达到98.0%以上。     

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture: A Breakthrough in Vivo

Cell culture is an important tool for biological research. Two-dimensional cell culture has been used for some time now, but growing cells in flat layers on plastic surfaces does not accurately model the in vivo state. As compared to the two-dimensional case, the three-dimensional (3D) cell culture allows biological cells to grow or interact with their surroundings in all three dimensions thanks to an artificial environment. Cells grown in a 3D model have proven to be more physiologically relevant and showed improvements in several studies of biological mechanisms like: cell number monitoring, viability, morphology, proliferation, differentiation, response to stimuli, migration and invasion of tumor cells into surrounding tissues, angiogenesis stimulation and immune system evasion, drug metabolism, gene expression and protein synthesis, general cell function and in vivo relevance. 3D culture models succeed thanks to technological advances, including materials science, cell biology and bioreactor design.     

Role of Long-Range Protein Dynamics in Different Thymidylate Synthase Catalyzed Reactions

Recent studies of Escherichia coli thymidylate synthase (ecTSase) showed that a highly conserved residue, Y209, that is located 8 Å away from the reaction site, plays a key role in the protein’s dynamics. Those crystallographic studies indicated that Y209W mutant is a structurally identical but dynamically altered relative to the wild type (WT) enzyme, and that its turnover catalytic rate governed by a slow hydride-transfer has been affected. The most challenging test of an examination of a fast chemical conversion that precedes the rate-limiting step has been achieved here. The physical nature of both fast and slow C-H bond activations have been compared between the WT and mutant by means of observed and intrinsic kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) and their temperature dependence. The findings indicate that the proton abstraction step has not been altered as much as the hydride transfer step. Additionally, the comparison indicated that other kinetic steps in the TSase catalyzed reaction were substantially affected, including the order of the substrate binding. Enigmatically, although Y209 is H-bonded to 3''-OH of 2''-deoxyuridine-5''-mono­phosphate (dUMP), its altered dynamics is more pronounced on the binding of the remote cofactor, (6R)-N⁵,N¹⁰-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate (CH₂H₄folate), revealing the importance of long-range dynamics of the enzymatic complex and its catalytic function.     

Introducing a Semi-Coated Model to Investigate Antibacterial Effects of Biocompatible Polymers on Titanium Surfaces

Peri-implant infections from bacterial biofilms on artificial surfaces are a common threat to all medical implants. They are a handicap for the patient and can lead to implant failure or even life-threatening complications. New implant surfaces have to be developed to reduce biofilm formation and to improve the long-term prognosis of medical implants. The aim of this study was (1) to develop a new method to test the antibacterial efficacy of implant surfaces by direct surface contact and (2) to elucidate whether an innovative antimicrobial copolymer coating of 4-vinyl-N-hexylpyridinium bromide and dimethyl(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) phosphonate (VP:DMMEP 30:70) on titanium is able to reduce the attachment of bacteria prevalent in peri-implant infections. With a new in vitro model with semi-coated titanium discs, we were able to show a dramatic reduction in the adhesion of various pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus sanguinis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis), completely independently of effects caused by soluble materials. In contrast, soft tissue cells (human gingival or dermis fibroblasts) were less affected by the same coating, despite a moderate reduction in initial adhesion of gingival fibroblasts. These data confirm the hypothesis that VP:DMMEP 30:70 is a promising antibacterial copolymer that may be of use in several clinical applications.     

Molecular Characterization of Sec2 Loci in Wheat—Secale africanum Derivatives Demonstrates Genomic Divergence of Secale Species

The unique 75 K γ-secalins encoded by Sec2 loci in Secale species is composed of almost half rye storage proteins. The chromosomal location of Sec2 loci in wild Secale species, Secale africanum, was carried out by the wheat—S. africanum derivatives, which were identified by genomic in situ hybridization and multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization. The Sec2 gene-specific PCR analysis indicated that the S. cereale Sec2 was located onchromosome 2R, while the S. africanum Sec2 was localized on chromosome 6R^afr of S. africanum. A total of 38 Sec2 gene sequences were isolated from S. africanum, S. cereale and S. sylvestre by PCR-based cloning. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. africanum Sec2 diverged from S. cereale Sec2 approximately 2–3 million years ago. The illegitimate recombination of chromosome 2R–6R involving the Sec2 loci region may accelerate sequence variation during evolutionary process from wild to cultivated Secale species.     

Liposome‐Based in Vitro Evolution of Aminoacyl‐tRNA Synthetase for Enhanced Pyrrolysine Derivative Incorporation

Methanosarcina species pyrrolysyl‐tRNA synthetase (PylRS) attaches Pyl to its cognate amber suppressor tRNA. The introduction of two mutations (Y384F and Y306A) into PylRS was previously shown to generate a mutant, designated LysZ‐RS, that was able to attach N‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐L ‐lysine (LysZ) to its cognate tRNA. Despite the potential of LysZ derivatives, further LysZ‐RS engineering has not been performed; consequently, we aimed to generate LysZ‐RS mutants with improved LysZ incorporation activity through in vitro directed evolution. Using a liposome‐based in vitro compartmentalization (IVC) approach, we screened a randomly mutagenized gene library of LysZ‐RS and obtained a mutant that showed increased LysZ incorporation activity both in vitro and in vivo. The ease and high flexibility of liposome‐based IVC should enable the evolution of not only LysZ‐RS that can attach various LysZ derivatives but also of other enzymes involved in protein translation.     

High toughness TiB2–Al2O3 composite ceramics produced by reactive hot pressing with fusible components

A manufacturing method of high toughness TiB₂–Al₂O₃ ceramic composites by reactive hot pressing via exothermic reactions with Al, B₂O₃, C and TiB₂ has been developed. The usage of fusible initial components (Al and B₂O₃) in the hot pressing procedure allowed forming dense ceramics with homogeneous fine structure at 1900°C and 20 MPa (after 8 min exposure) without any grinding of the initial powders. The hot pressed TiB₂–Al₂O₃ composites exhibit the fracture toughness of 9 MPa m^1/2, which is much higher than that of both single phase TiB₂ (6 MPa m^1/2) and Al₂O₃ (4 MPa m^1/2) ceramics.